BLOG 502 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Our heart is at work literally 24/7 for us and without it
doing this constant job for us, well, we know the consequences. An irregular
heartbeat (arrhythmia) can pose complications that increase the risk of having
a stroke or even heart failure. It can be frightening for someone and can also
impact their daily living. Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) is a type of arrythmia that
causes a rapid heartbeat, and the person will notice their heart rate is abnormally
high. It may come and go or be persistent. Either way, A-fib poses the threat
of being chronic. The irregularity of the condition is what troubles many
people and complicates treatment.
When atrial fibrillation is happening, the upper chambers
(atria) of the heart and the lower chambers (ventricles) are beating out of sync.
Some people experience no symptoms at all, while others may get short of
breath, have fast heartbeat palpitations, have chest pain, feel lightheaded, not
be able to exercise, and/or feel weak. Having A-fib and episodes associated
with it are not life threatening, but treatment is needed to prevent strokes.
The heart has 4 chambers. The upper 2 are called the atria
and the lower 2 are called the ventricles. The upper right atrium contains a group
of cells called the sinus node. The normal heart rate range is between 60 and
100 bpm. The A-fib heart rate can range from 100 to 175 bpm. The sinus node is
the heart’s pacemaker. Its job is to produce the signals that orchestrate each heartbeat
to take place. Normal conduction takes place as follows:
1.
The sinus node signal travels to the 2 upper
atria.
2.
The signal travels through a chamber that
connects the atria and ventricles called the atrioventricular node (AV node).
3.
The signal tells the heart to contract which is
a squeezing action that sends blood to the heart.
However, when A-fib takes places, the signals that begin in
the upper chamber get chaotic. This makes the upper chamber shake. The AV node
has mixed signals coming in as it’s trying to connect with the ventricles. This
is what leads to the irregular heartbeat that is fast.
Causation for having A-fib could possibly be from having
high blood pressure, having had a heart attack, prior heart surgery, a heart
defect, family history, obesity, sleep apnea, thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism),
heart valve problems, alcohol, stimulants, and/or viral infections. Some of
these risks are controllable lifestyle factors, while others are not.
Treatment could involve medications, surgery, and/or
cardioversion which resets the heart rhythm. Medication includes beta blockers,
calcium channel blockers, blood thinners, digoxin which can help control heart
rate mainly at rest but not during activity, and/or anti-arithmetic
medications. Cardioversion can be done electrically or via drugs. Electrical
cardioversion shocks the heart to reset rhythm. Drugs can be administered
through IV or by mouth. Surgery could involve a cardiac ablation which uses
extreme heat or cold to create scars in the heart that will block the abnormal
signals. A doctor might also insert a catheter to do this which has hot and
cold sensors on it. There are two types of ablations that can take place. AV
node ablation involves destroying the electrical signal connection all
together. A pacemaker will then be needed for life. Sometimes A-fib can come
back after an ablation so it will have to be repeated, or another form of
treatment will need to take place. The other surgery is a maze procedure which is
when the heat or cold is used to create a scar tissue pattern (maze) in the
upper chambers which will interfere with the heart signals that cause A-fib to
occur. This is open-heart surgery.
The heart is at constant work and when it has any complications,
we know not to ignore them, or we may not be here to see tomorrow. Heart health
is vital, and we need to do what we can to be advocated for our health and we
need to live in a way the supports rather than jeopardize our wellness. Diet
and exercise are pertinent and eliminating habits that compromise your health
needs to happen. Temporary satisfaction is not worth a lifetime of poor-quality
living as a result. Don’t beat your heart up or it won’t beat for you.